array
(stdlib)Functional, extendible arrays.
Functional, extendible arrays. Arrays can have fixed size, or can grow automatically as needed. A default value is used for entries that have not been explicitly set.
Arrays uses zero based indexing. This is a deliberate design choice and differs from other erlang datastructures, e.g. tuples.
Unless specified by the user when the array is created, the default
value is the atom undefined
. There is no difference between an
unset entry and an entry which has been explicitly set to the same
value as the default one (cf. reset/2). If you need to
differentiate between unset and set entries, you must make sure that
the default value cannot be confused with the values of set entries.
The array never shrinks automatically; if an index I
has been used
successfully to set an entry, all indices in the range [0,I
] will
stay accessible unless the array size is explicitly changed by
calling resize/2.
Examples:
%% Create a fixed-size array with entries 0-9 set to 'undefined' A0 = array:new(10). 10 = array:size(A0). %% Create an extendible array and set entry 17 to 'true', %% causing the array to grow automatically A1 = array:set(17, true, array:new()). 18 = array:size(A1). %% Read back a stored value true = array:get(17, A1). %% Accessing an unset entry returns the default value undefined = array:get(3, A1). %% Accessing an entry beyond the last set entry also returns the %% default value, if the array does not have fixed size undefined = array:get(18, A1). %% "sparse" functions ignore default-valued entries A2 = array:set(4, false, A1). [{4, false}, {17, true}] = array:sparse_to_orddict(A2). %% An extendible array can be made fixed-size later A3 = array:fix(A2). %% A fixed-size array does not grow automatically and does not %% allow accesses beyond the last set entry {'EXIT',{badarg,_}} = (catch array:set(18, true, A3)). {'EXIT',{badarg,_}} = (catch array:get(18, A3)).
DATA TYPES
array()
-
A functional, extendible array. The representation is not documented and is subject to change without notice. Note that arrays cannot be directly compared for equality.
Functions
default(Array::array()) -> term()
fix(Array::array()) -> array()
foldl(Function, InitialAcc::term(), Array::array()) -> term()
Function = (Index::integer(), Value::term(), Acc::term()) -> term()
Fold the elements of the array using the given function and
initial accumulator value. The elements are visited in order from the
lowest index to the highest. If Function
is not a function, the
call fails with reason badarg
.
See also: foldr/3, map/2, sparse_foldl/3.
foldr(Function, InitialAcc::term(), Array::array()) -> term()
Function = (Index::integer(), Value::term(), Acc::term()) -> term()
from_list(List::list()) -> array()
Equivalent to from_list(List, undefined).
from_list(List::list(), Default::term()) -> array()
from_orddict(Orddict::list()) -> array()
Equivalent to from_orddict(Orddict, undefined).
from_orddict(List::list(), Default::term()) -> array()
Convert an ordered list of pairs {Index, Value}
to a
corresponding extendible array. Default
is used as the value for
uninitialized entries of the array. If List
is not a proper,
ordered list of pairs whose first elements are nonnegative
integers, the call fails with reason badarg
.
See also: new/2, to_orddict/1.
get(I::integer(), Array::array()) -> term()
Get the value of entry I
. If I
is not a nonnegative
integer, or if the array has fixed size and I
is larger than the
maximum index, the call fails with reason badarg
.
If the array does not have fixed size, this function will return the
default value for any index I
greater than size(Array)-1
.
See also: set/3.
is_array(X::term()) -> bool()
Returns true
if X
appears to be an array, otherwise false
.
Note that the check is only shallow; there is no guarantee that X
is a well-formed array representation even if this function returns
true
.
is_fix(Array::array()) -> bool()
Check if the array has fixed size.
Returns true
if the array is fixed, otherwise false
.
See also: fix/1.
map(Function, Array::array()) -> array()
Function = (Index::integer(), Value::term()) -> term()
Map the given function onto each element of the array. The
elements are visited in order from the lowest index to the highest.
If Function
is not a function, the call fails with reason badarg
.
See also: foldl/3, foldr/3, sparse_map/2.
new(Options::term()) -> array()
Create a new array according to the given options. By default, the array is extendible and has initial size zero. Array indices start at 0.
Options
is a single term or a list of terms, selected from the
following:
N::integer()
or{size, N::integer()}
Specifies the initial size of the array; this also implies
{fixed, true}
. IfN
is not a nonnegative integer, the call fails with reasonbadarg
.fixed
or{fixed, true}
Creates a fixed-size array; see also fix/1.
{fixed, false}
Creates an extendible (non fixed-size) array.
{default, Value}
Sets the default value for the array to
Value
.
Options are processed in the order they occur in the list, i.e., later options have higher precedence.
The default value is used as the value of uninitialized entries, and cannot be changed once the array has been created.
Examples:
array:new(100)
creates a fixed-size array of size 100.
array:new({default,0})
creates an empty, extendible array whose default value is 0.
array:new([{size,10},{fixed,false},{default,-1}])
creates an extendible array with initial size 10 whose default value is -1.
new(Size::integer(), Options::term()) -> array()
Create a new array according to the given size and options. If
Size
is not a nonnegative integer, the call fails with reason
badarg
. By default, the array has fixed size. Note that any size
specifications in Options
will override the Size
parameter.
If Options
is a list, this is simply equivalent to new([{size,
Size} | Options]
, otherwise it is equivalent to new([{size, Size} |
[Options]]
. However, using this function directly is more efficient.
Example:
array:new(100, {default,0})
creates a fixed-size array of size 100, whose default value is 0.
See also: new/1.
relax(Array::array()) -> array()
reset(I::integer(), Array::array()) -> array()
Reset entry I
to the default value for the array.
If the value of entry I
is the default value the array will be
returned unchanged. Reset will never change size of the array.
Shrinking can be done explicitly by calling resize/2.
If I
is not a nonnegative integer, or if the array has fixed size
and I
is larger than the maximum index, the call fails with reason
badarg
; cf. set/3
resize(Array::array()) -> array()
Change the size of the array to that reported by sparse_size/1. If the given array has fixed size, the resulting array will also have fixed size.
See also: resize/2, sparse_size/1.
resize(Size::integer(), Array::array()) -> array()
Change the size of the array. If Size
is not a nonnegative
integer, the call fails with reason badarg
. If the given array has
fixed size, the resulting array will also have fixed size.
set(I::integer(), Value::term(), Array::array()) -> array()
Set entry I
of the array to Value
. If I
is not a
nonnegative integer, or if the array has fixed size and I
is larger
than the maximum index, the call fails with reason badarg
.
If the array does not have fixed size, and I
is greater than
size(Array)-1
, the array will grow to size I+1
.
size(Array::array()) -> integer()
Get the number of entries in the array. Entries are numbered
from 0 to size(Array)-1
; hence, this is also the index of the first
entry that is guaranteed to not have been previously set.
See also: set/3, sparse_size/1.
sparse_foldl(Function, InitialAcc::term(), Array::array()) -> term()
Function = (Index::integer(), Value::term(), Acc::term()) -> term()
Fold the elements of the array using the given function and
initial accumulator value, skipping default-valued entries. The
elements are visited in order from the lowest index to the highest.
If Function
is not a function, the call fails with reason badarg
.
See also: foldl/3, sparse_foldr/3.
sparse_foldr(Function, InitialAcc::term(), Array::array()) -> term()
Function = (Index::integer(), Value::term(), Acc::term()) -> term()
Fold the elements of the array right-to-left using the given
function and initial accumulator value, skipping default-valued
entries. The elements are visited in order from the highest index to
the lowest. If Function
is not a function, the call fails with
reason badarg
.
See also: foldr/3, sparse_foldl/3.
sparse_map(Function, Array::array()) -> array()
Function = (Index::integer(), Value::term()) -> term()
Map the given function onto each element of the array, skipping
default-valued entries. The elements are visited in order from the
lowest index to the highest. If Function
is not a function, the
call fails with reason badarg
.
See also: map/2.
sparse_size(A::array()) -> integer()
sparse_to_list(Array::array()) -> list()
sparse_to_orddict(Array::array()) -> [{Index::integer(), Value::term()}]
Convert the array to an ordered list of pairs {Index, Value}
,
skipping default-valued entries.
See also: to_orddict/1.
to_list(Array::array()) -> list()
to_orddict(Array::array()) -> [{Index::integer(), Value::term()}]
Convert the array to an ordered list of pairs {Index, Value}
.
See also: from_orddict/2, sparse_to_orddict/1.